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2013 Eritrean Army mutiny
The 2013 Eritrean Army mutiny was mounted on 21 January 2013, when around 100-200 soldiers of the Eritrean Army in the capital city, Asmara seized the headquarters of the state broadcaster, EriTV, and allegedly broadcast a message demanding reforms and the release of political prisoners. The mutiny was the first major incident of resistance to the rule of Isaias Afewerki since the purging of a group of fifteen ministers who demanded political reform in 2001. Details about the mutiny remain murky, with several (but not all) government officials denying it even took place, while opposition sources claimed it had been an abortive coup attempt.
==Background==
Eritrea has been ruled by Isaias Afewerki since its independence in 1993 from Ethiopia, following a 30-year independence war. Initially allied with Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi and his Tigrayan People's Liberation Front, whom Isaias' Eritrean People's Liberation Front had helped overthrow the communist regime of Mengistu Haile Mariam, border disputes caused relations between the two nations to rapidly turn sour, and in May 1998, Eritrea invaded Ethiopia. The resultant conflict killed between 70,000-100,000 on both sides, and left Eritrea with over a quarter of its territory occupied and over 650,000 people displaced.〔(Eritrean, Ethiopian exchange of POWs begins ) CNN, 23 December 2000〕 Although Eritrea was awarded most of the disputed territory by the Permanent Court of Arbitration, Ethiopia, as of 2013, still occupies most of the disputed land.
The war caused a severe curtailment of political freedoms and rights in Eritrea, with the constitution's implementation being delayed indefinitely and most young people being forced into indefinite national service. Presidential and parliamentary elections were postponed and have never been held since independence. The People's Front for Democracy and Justice, nominally a transitional authority, is the sole legal political organisation, making Eritrea Africa's last remaining official single-party state and the only non-communist single-party state in the world (most African nations were at one point single party states, while all its neighbours, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Djibouti have dominant-party systems).
Religious activity has been strictly monitored and suppressed, with evangelicals in particular facing imprisonment and torture.〔("Eritrea says not aware of mass arrest of Christians" ), Reuters, Jeremy Clarke, December 10, 2009, Retrieved June 11, 2011.〕 Even the patriarch of the majority Eritrean Orthodox Church, Abune Antonios, was in 2007 forcibly removed and placed under house arrest. The level of repression has prompted many to call it "the North Korea of Africa"– but Eritrea, which has no private media, has been ranked last in Reporters Without Borders' Press Freedom Index since 2007, ''below'' North Korea.〔("Press Freedom Index 2013" ), Reporters Without Borders, 30 January 2013〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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